The present volume consists of a selection of papers presented during the workshop and other papers contributed after the workshop.

This is a synthesis of 20 years of research on the structure, function, and dynamics of holm oak forests in two intensively studied experimental areas in Spain.

Quercus ilex is commonly called holy oak and hoam oak which is widely distributed in inner arid tracts of Himalayas from Satluj valley west ward, Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Manipal, at the attitude of 900-2600 meters.

This book facilitates a more detailed ecological understanding of Quercus calliprinos, a lesser-known Mediterranean forest species that could make an important contribution to the struggle to counteract climate change and biodiversity loss.